Diseases That Can Cause Dry Eye: Understanding the Connection

Dry eye syndrome, characterized by a lack of adequate lubrication on the surface of the eye, is a common condition that can cause significant discomfort and impact the quality of life. While environmental factors and aging are well-known causes, several systemic diseases can also lead to dry eyes. Understanding these connections is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Photo by Karolina Kaboompics

Autoimmune Diseases

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and swelling. However, it can also impact the eyes. Inflammation associated with RA can reduce tear production, leading to dry eye syndrome. Patients with RA often experience other ocular symptoms, such as redness, pain, and sensitivity to light.

Sjögren’s Syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome is another autoimmune disease that directly targets the body’s moisture-producing glands, including the lacrimal glands responsible for tear production. This results in severely dry eyes and mouth. Patients with Sjögren’s syndrome often suffer from chronic dry eye, which can lead to more severe complications if not properly managed.

Photo by Yaroslav Shuraev

Endocrine Disorders

Diabetes

Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and can have numerous complications, including dry eye syndrome. High blood sugar levels can damage the nerves and blood vessels in the eyes, leading to reduced tear production. Additionally, diabetes can cause inflammation and changes in the tear film composition, exacerbating dry eye symptoms.

Thyroid Disease

Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease), can also lead to dry eye. Thyroid eye disease (TED) associated with Graves’ disease causes inflammation and swelling of the eye tissues, disrupting tear production and drainage. This can result in dry, gritty, and uncomfortable eyes.

Neurological Conditions

Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement control. It can also impair the function of the nerves responsible for tear production, leading to dry eyes. Additionally, patients with Parkinson’s disease may blink less frequently, further exacerbating dryness and discomfort.

Dermatological Conditions

Rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that causes facial redness, swelling, and visible blood vessels. Ocular rosacea, a subtype of the condition, affects the eyes and eyelids, leading to inflammation, irritation, and dry eye. Patients with ocular rosacea often experience burning, itching, and a feeling of having a foreign body in the eye.

Photo by dao_kp20226443

Allergies

Seasonal Allergies

Seasonal allergies, also known as allergic rhinitis or hay fever, can cause dry eye symptoms. Allergic reactions trigger inflammation and swelling in the eyes, reducing tear production and increasing evaporation. Common allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander can exacerbate dry eye in susceptible individuals. To learn more about the hidden risks of rubbing your eyes, click here.

Managing Dry Eye Related to Systemic Diseases

Managing dry eye syndrome associated with systemic diseases involves a multifaceted approach. Here are some strategies to consider:

• Regular Eye Exams: Routine eye check-ups can help detect and manage dry eyes early. Eye care professionals can recommend appropriate treatments and monitor the condition’s progression.
• Medication Management: Some medications used to treat systemic diseases can contribute to dry eye. Discussing medication side effects with healthcare providers can help find alternatives or adjunct treatments. Be sure to never stop a medication without consulting with your doctor.
• Artificial Tears: Over-the-counter artificial tears can provide temporary relief for dry eye symptoms. Preservative-free options are often recommended for frequent use.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Staying hydrated, using a humidifier, and taking regular breaks from screen time can help alleviate dry eye symptoms.

Photo by Burst 

Dry eye syndrome can significantly impact daily life, especially when linked to systemic diseases. Understanding the underlying causes and implementing a comprehensive management plan can alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Regular eye care and appropriate treatments are essential in managing dry eye associated with systemic conditions. With the right approach, individuals can achieve better eye health and overall well-being. Also by choosing the right eyewear from Zenni, you can take an important step toward better eye health and overall well-being.